ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO CONHECIMENTO SOBRE A RAIVA ANIMAL DOS PROFESSORES DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DE ENSINO DO MUNICÍPIO DE JATAÍ – GO, BRASIL / COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ANIMAL RABIES OF TEACHERS OF MUNICIPAL PUBLIC EDUCATION IN JATAÍ, GO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15361/2175-0106.2013v29n4p108Abstract
A raiva é uma antropozoonose viral que causa problemas neurológicos e é fatal. Transmitida principalmente por agravos de animais infectados. A sensibilização de docentes torna-se indispensável na formação de novos multiplicadores. Objetivou-se comparar o conhecimento prévio e assimilação das informações sobre esta enfermidade por meio de uma palestra oferecida aos professores de todas as escolas municipais de Jataí - GO. Foram entrevistados 165 docentes de 19 escolas. Um questionário com perguntas abertas sobre transmissão e prevenção foi aplicado antes e após a palestra. Do total, 2,4% (4/165) não responderam as perguntas antes da palestra. Comparando as respostas nos dois momentos pode-se observar: previamente 72% (116/161) responderam que a transmissão ocorre por agravos de animais, depois 71,5% (118/165); pelo contato com animais de 18% (29/161) para 11,5% (19/165); os que desconheciam reduziram de 8,7% (14/161) para 7,0% (12/165); por pelos foi citado apenas antes por 0,6% (1/161); ao contrário da picada de mosquito que se manteve em 0,6% (1/161). Observaram-se novas respostas pós-palestra: 4,8% (8/165) contato e agravos; 3,6% (6/165) apenas morcegos e 0,6% (1/165) com alimentos e agravos. Um dado importante a ser ressaltado é que antes da palestra apenas 1,9% (3/161) atentaram-se aos morcegos no ciclo da raiva, entretanto após, passou para 40,6% (67/165). Sobre a prevenção, 25,4% (41/161) não sabiam, diminuindo para 16,9% (28/165); antes 69,9% (112/161) relacionaram à vacinação, desses 94,6% (106/112) para animais, 0,8% (1/112) humanos e 4,4% (5/112) ambos e após a palestra manteve-se 69,6% (115/165), sendo 92,1% (106/115) para animais, 3,4% (4/115) humanos e 4,3% (5/115) ambos. Não ter contato com animais de 4,3% (7/161) subiu para 9,6% (16/165) e o controle de população de 0,6% (1/161) para 1,8% (3/165). Novas respostas foram citadas: cuidados com ferimentos, 1,2% (2/165) e não ter contato com morcego, 0,6% (1/165). Concluiu-se melhora nas respostas pós-palestra, mas ainda percebe-se que há necessidade de intensificar trabalhos de educação em saúde para a sociedade.
SUMMARY
Rabies is a viral anthropozoonosis that causes neurological problems and is fatal. The disease is transmitted mainly by infected animals. Increasing teachers’ awareness becomes essential in order to spread the information. This study aimed to compare previous knowledge and assimilation of information about this disease through a lecture offered to teachers of all public schools of Jataí, GO. We interviewed 165 teachers from 19 schools. A questionnaire with open questions about transmission and prevention was applied before and after the lecture. Of the total, 2.4% (4/165) did not answer the questions before the lecture. The comparison of the answers prior and after the lecture shows that the percentages on how rabies is transmitted changed from 72% (116/161) to 71.5% (118/165), for transmission via animal diseases; from 18% (29/161) to 11.5% (19/165), by contact with animals; those who were unaware reduced from 8.7% (14/161) to 7.0% (12/165); and, by the animal hair was only cited by 0.6% (1/161) while transmission via mosquito bite remained the same 0.6% (1/161). New responses which were observed post-lecture: 4.8% (8/165) contact and injuries; 3.6% (6/165) only bats; and, 0.6% (1/165) from food and health problems. An important fact to be emphasized is that before the lecture only 1.9% (3/161) had placed bats in the cycle of rabies; however, after the lecture it increased to 40.6% (67/165). Regarding prevention, unawareness percentage among teachers decreased from 25.4% (41/161) to 16.9% (28/165). Before the lecture 69.9% (112/161) related prevention to vaccination; from these 94.6% (106/112) animals vaccination only, 0.8% (1/112) for humans and 4.4% (5/112) for both. After the lecture the link between vaccine and prevention remained 69.6% (115/165), of which 92.1% (106/115) for animals, 3.4% (4/115) for humans and 4.3% (5/115) for both. Animal contact should be avoided rose from 4.3% (7/161) to 9.6% (16/165) and population control from 0.6% (1/161) to 1.8% (3/165). New answers cited after the lecture: wound management, 1.2% (2/165) and not having contact with bat, 0.6% (1/165). In conclusion, the knowledge of the teachers improved post-lecture, but it is necessary to intensify sanitary and health education in the society as a whole.
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